Narcissism

Self-absorbed narcissists

 

The spectrum of NPD ranges from covert to malignant. The severity level and narcissistic traits determine a person's placement on the spectrum of narcissism. To put it simply, exhibiting a few narcissistic traits, such as arrogance and self-centered behavior, is not enough for an NPD diagnosis.

 

Narcissistic traits refer to qualities or characteristics that are associated with selfish behavior. These traits may include entitlement, grandiosity, an exaggerated self-entitlement, and a lack of empathy for others. 

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NPD is considered a severe mental health disorder.

Narcissism is not a mental disorder, but on the other hand, a formal psychiatric diagnosis may be given to individuals who display a long-standing pattern of these narcissistic traits. Having some narcissistic traits is not uncommon, but if they are persistent, severe, and interfere with daily life and relationships, they may signify a severe mental health disorder. To receive a diagnosis, a person must consistently exhibit these traits and have them impact their daily life and relationships.

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Diagnostic terms for narcissism

Narcissistic personality disorder in the DSM-5 is diagnosed as a narcissistic personality disorder in the ICD-10. ​The ICD-11 uses a dimensional approach to diagnosing personality disorders, with three severity levels and five trait domains that may be specified as qualifiers. The specific category is "severe personality disorder with prominent narcissistic traits" in the ICD-11.

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The disorder is more commonly diagnosed in males.

The exact origin of Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) remains unknown, but experts believe it is a result of a combination of both genetic and environmental factors. Early childhood experiences, such as interactions with caregivers and parenting styles, can contribute to the developing of narcissistic traits. In addition, cultural and societal influences can also play a significant role in shaping the formation of such traits. Depending on which diagnostic criteria and assessment tools are used, it is estimated to affect approximately 1% of the general population. 

Subtypes of NPD.

The names of the subtypes of narcissism, including grandiose, vulnerable, communal, and malignant, are based on the predominant traits or behaviors associated with each subtype. By categorizing these subtypes, researchers and clinicians can gain a deeper understanding of how narcissistic individuals express their self-centeredness and self-importance, as well as the different strategies they use to manage their feelings of insecurity and vulnerability.